What is meant by economic equilibrium?

Economic equilibrium refers to a condition in a market where economic forces such as supply and demand are balanced. At this point, the quantity of goods or services that consumers want to purchase matches the quantity that producers are willing to sell at a particular price. This balance ensures that there is neither a surplus nor a shortage in the market, leading to stability in prices. When supply equals demand, the market operates efficiently, and resources are allocated optimally.

In scenarios where supply exceeds demand, there is typically a surplus, leading to downward pressure on prices as sellers compete to attract buyers. Conversely, when demand is greater than supply, it creates a shortage, resulting in upward price pressure as buyers compete for limited goods. Rapid inflation, on the other hand, is indicative of significant changes in the economy that disrupt this equilibrium, usually due to excessive money supply or increases in production costs. Therefore, the concept of economic equilibrium specifically refers to the state of balance between supply and demand, making it a critical foundation for understanding market dynamics.